Hetman Zaporozhian
grass-roots, one of the managers named after him Cossack peasant uprising in
1638 in Ukraine, on the left bank of the Dnieper.
The Osrryanyn Uprising was a 1638 Cossack uprising against the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. It was
sparked by an act of the Sejm (legislature) passed
the same year that declared that non-Registered Cossacks were equal to ordinary
peasants in their rights, and hence were subjected to enserfment. The
uprising was initially led by Cossack Hetman Yakiv Ostryanyn but was eventually
crushed.
According to a
chronicle of 1864 written by Samuil Velichko, Ostryanyn, who had just been
elected Hetman, issued an address to the Little Russian people on the eve of the campaign in March 1638. He declared that he
would "go with his army to the Ukraine in order to liberate the Orthodox
people from the yoke of oppression and torment of the Polish tyranny and claim
vengeance for grievances, ruin and torturous abuse... suffered by the entire
Russian populace, living on both sides of the Dnieper."
Ostryanyn also
called on the people of Ukraine to join the insurgency and to beware of the
Registered Cossacks. His leaflets were spread across Ukraine, reaching as far
as Pokuttia. His appeal was carried and distributed by the
Cossack elders, bandurists, youth, and
according to Ostryanyn, even Orthodox monks. People began to prepare for an
uprising, some going to Zaporozhye, while others
sent food, money, and gunpowder.
The rebels left
Zaporozhye and divided themselves into three detachments. The first, moving
down the left bank of the Dnieper, was led by
Ostryanyn himself. His force took Kremenchug and moved
onto Khorol and Omel'nyk. The second body of troops, consisting of a flotilla led by Guney, took the river crossings in
Kremenchug, Maksimovka, Buzhin and Chigirin. The third
force occupied the right bank of the Dnieper.
Ostryanyn's force was
defeated at the Battle of
Zhovnyn, near Zhovnyn in the Kiev Voivodeship.
Subsequently the Cossacks elected a new Hetman in the person of Dmytro Hunia.
However, soon the uprising was quelled by Polish-Lithuanian forces led byJeremi Wiśniowiecki and Mikołaj Potocki. After a
series of further skirmishes the Cossacks capitulated at the Starzec river. Hunia and some
other Cossacks managed to flee to Russia.
Related post: Ivan Vyhovsky (Hetman of Zaporizhian Host)
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