MUENSTER, GERMANY | BY
The United States said on Monday it would contribute special operations
forces, intelligence and other high-end military assets to a new NATO rapid
response force that aims in part to deter any future actions by Russia.
U.S. Defense Secretary Ash Carter made the announcement during a trip to
Germany, where he delivered an address accusing Moscow of trying to re-create a
Soviet-era sphere of influence.
"We do not seek a cold, let alone a hot war with Russia. We do not
seek to make Russia an enemy," Carter said in an address in Berlin.
"But make no mistake: we will defend our allies, the rules-based
international order, and the positive future it affords us all."
Russia's intervention over Ukraine has put NATO allies in eastern Europe on
edge and triggered a series of military moves by the NATO alliance, including
an acceleration of exercises and the creation of a Very High Readiness Joint
Task Force (VJTF).
Moscow denies providing troops or arms to pro-Russian separatists in
eastern Ukraine. But neighboring NATO countries, especially the Baltic states
of Latvia, Lithuania and Estonia, fear Russia could foment trouble on their
territories.
Carter, who met European members of the VJTF in Muenster, Germany before
flying to Estonia, said he was preparing to discuss planned U.S. contributions
to the force with NATO defense chiefs later this week in Brussels.
The U.S. support would include intelligence, surveillance and
reconnaissance assets -- which can include drones or manned aircraft -- as well
as special operations forces, logistical expertise and high-end U.S. military
assets.
Carter also said it would include airlift and precision joint fire
capabilities, which could include anything from land-based artillery to air
support or naval firepower.
"We're making this commitment to the VJTF because the United States is
deeply committed to the collective defense of Europe," Carter said,
speaking alongside his Dutch, German and Norwegian counterparts in Muenster.
Although many of the contributions announced on Monday could be drawn from
within Europe, a defense official said the announcement could mean a temporary
increase in U.S. forces in Europe in a crisis situation.
Still, U.S. defense officials stressed that the United States was mainly
providing high-end support to enable European land forces that form the bulk of
the VJTF.
RUSSIAN REACTION
During his trip this week, Carter will climb aboard a U.S. warship in Estonia
fresh from Baltic Sea drills. He could offer more details in Europe this week
on plans to pre-position heavy military equipment, officials say.
Moscow has decried the new steps by NATO and threatened to strengthen its
own forces and to add more than 40 intercontinental ballistic missiles to its
nuclear arsenal this year.
U.S. officials say Ukraine has illustrated the importance of being able to
counter "hybrid warfare", the blend of unidentified troops,
propaganda and economic pressure that the West says Russia has used there.
Moscow accuses the West of engineering the overthrow of a pro-Kremlin
president last year in order to bring Kiev under its sway and try to isolate
Russia.
NATO's historic focus had been the conventional threats of the Cold War,
which effectively ended with the collapse of the Soviet Union in 1991. But
Carter said NATO "will not rely on the Cold War playbook", citing
instead a combination of military and non-military tools, including sanctions.
European Union foreign ministers extended economic sanctions on Russia
until Jan. 31 on Monday, keeping up pressure on Moscow to help resolve the
Ukraine conflict.
Carter encouraged Europe to keep up the sanctions -- which he called the
best tool -- for as long as it takes to change Russia's calculations.
"The United States will not let Russia drag us back to the past,"
he said.
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