Cyber security/cyber defence Ukraine – Structural changes ahead

It is no secret that Ukraine, over the past 5 years in particular, has become something of a petri dish for the testing and/or implementation of cyber incidents by hostile actors.

That is not to say every such cyber incident is the direct or indirect action of the same particular hostile actor.  While many can and will be attributed privately to direct or indirect Kremlin attacks via both evidence and intelligence (and evidence and intelligence are not the same thing at all), it is not the case that Ukraine suffers only from malevolent Kremlin or Kremlin supported cyber incidents.