Protestantism is a form of Christian
faith and practice which originated with the Protestant Reformation, a movement
against what its followers considered to be errors in the Roman Catholic
Church. It is one of the three major divisions of Christendom, together with
Roman Catholicism and Orthodoxy. Anglicanism is sometimes considered to be independent
from Protestantism. The term derives from the letter of protestation from
German princes in 1529 against an edict condemning the teachings of Martin Luther
as heretical.
With its origins in Germany, the
modern movement is popularly considered to have begun in 1517 when Luther
published his Ninety-Five Theses as a reaction against abuses in the sale of
indulgences, which purported to offer remission of sin to their purchasers. Although
there were earlier breaks from or attempts to reform the Roman Catholic
Church—notably by Peter Waldo, John Wycliffe, and Jan Hus—only Luther succeeded
in sparking a wider, lasting movement.
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