On July 17 2014, Malaysian Airways flight MH17, a Boeing 777 loaded with
almost 300 passengers and crew was on a routine flight from Amsterdam to
Kuala Lumpur when it was struck by a surface-to-air missile over eastern
Ukraine. Everyone aboard was killed.
Heavy fighting between Ukrainian government forces and Russian-backed
separatists around the crash site, lack of satellite imagery and little
initial concrete evidence helped create a maelstrom of half-baked theories
that took months to dispel. And almost two years on and with a
criminal investigation still ongoing, no one has been charged or tried for the
incident.
On Tuesday, however, a group of open-source investigative journalists
released their own report that
largely assigned responsibility for the attack to a Russian military unit
and its chain of command–extending all the way to Russian President
Vladimir Putin.
The report, published on the site Bellingcat, tracks the movement of
Russia’s 53rd anti-aircraft missile brigade and its three battalions
during the summer of 2014. Using social media posts, open-source imagery and
various other reporting, Bellingcat’s team managed to trace the movement of a
specific Buk surface-to-air missile system–of the type that shot down MH17–to
the border of Russia and Ukraine. While previous Bellingcat reports also
identified the Buk system, this most recent iteration manages
to point to many of the soldiers allegedly involved and the officers
that, Bellingcat believes, authorized the movement of the Buk and bear
responsibility for the eventual shoot down of MH17, even if the Buk was fired
by separatists.
“Although it is likely that the head officials of Russia’s Ministry of
[Defense] did not explicitly decide to send a Buk missile launcher to Ukraine,
the decision to send military equipment (with or without crew) from the Air
[Defense] Forces to Ukraine was likely made at a very high level and,
therefore, the Russian Ministry of [Defense] bears the main responsibility
for the downing of MH17,” the report concluded.
In October 2015, a Dutch Safety Board investigation also concluded that
MH17 was shot down by a Russian missile fired from a portion of Ukraine that
was, at the time, under the control of Russian-backed separatists fighting the
Ukrainian government. The report indicated that the 9n314m warhead
was fired by a Buk surface-to-air missile system–a modern air defense weapon
fielded primarily by Russia, although it is also used by Ukraine. The
report, however, did not blame Russia nor the separatists. Instead,
it only indicated that the weapon was fired from territory controlled by
the Kremlin-backed insurgents–a conclusion that was echoed by the
White House.
The Dutch investigation, did however, blame the Ukrainian government for
not closing the airspace over its war torn east, an area that MH17’s flight
path nearly bisected.
Russian officials were quick to call the Dutch report biased and
political. Its conclusion was immediately contested by a
Russian investigation released on the same day as the Dutch Safety
Board’s findings. The Russian report was led by the missile’s
manufacturer, Almaz-Antey. The company concluded that the missile that struck
MH17 was an older variant used by the Ukrainian military, and that the missile
was fired from Ukrainian held territory.
Since October’s flurry of statements and diplomatic barbs, a Dutch
criminal investigation into the missile strike has encountered issues similar
to those faced by the Safety Board during its research. According to a recent
Dutch news report, the
Chief Prosecutor for the criminal investigation, Fred Westerbeke, has not been
able to obtain certain Russian radar images of the day of the shoot
down. Westerbeke also added that his team is eyeing “a large group of
people” that might be responsible for the attack, but cautioned the
investigation could still take a considerable amount of time.
Earlier this month Dutch Minister of Foreign Affairs Bert Koenders met
with his Russian counterpart, Sergei Lavrov on the outskirts of the annual
Munich Security Conference, urging Russia to cooperate with Dutch
investigators.
“It’s our job
to keep the world’s attention focused on this process and to call on all
countries to cooperate fully with the criminal investigation that is underway,”
Koenders said in a statement. “It’s
our duty to the victims and their next of kin.”
Related post: MH17 - Potential Suspects and Witnesses from the 53rdAnti-Aircraft Missile Brigade (A bell¿ngcat Investigation report PDF)
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