The leadership is able to sustain its rule through the centralization
and control of revenues from hydrocarbons exports, which it uses to finance
pervasive security services and patronage networks.
Corruption and general
lack of transparency continue, with virtually no information available to the
public on the budget and government spending. President Berdimuhamedow and his
small elite circle have no incentive to introduce reforms as long as they are
able to meet societal aspirations and control dissent. If a transition from
Turkmenistan’s authoritarian regime were to take place, it would be more likely
to result in a new brand of authoritarianism.
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