The Eighty
Years' War or Dutch
War of Independence (1568–1648) was
a revolt of the Seventeen Provincesagainst the political and
religious hegemony of Philip II of Spain, the sovereign of the Habsburg Netherlands.
After the
initial stages, Philip II deployed his armies and regained control over most of
the rebelling provinces. However, under the leadership of the exiled William the Silent, the northern provinces
continued their resistance. They were eventually able to oust the Habsburg
armies, and in 1581 they established the Republic of the Seven United
Netherlands. The war continued in other areas, although the
heartland of the republic was no longer threatened.
After a
12-year truce, hostilities broke out again around 1619 which can be said to
coincide with the Thirty Years' War. An end was reached in 1648 with
the Peace of Münster (a treaty part of the Peace of Westphalia), when the Dutch Republic was
recognised as an independent country.
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